Experimental
- Scanning electron microscopy:
- Optical microscopy
- Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
- Measurement of mechanical properties (strength, hardness, impact strength, etc.)
- Measurement of specific surface area and particle size:
- Measurement of electrical resistance over a wide temperature range (100–1473 К)
- Measurement of the dielectric constant and the tangent of the dielectric loss angle
- Other measurement techniques:
- Density;
- Porosity.